Publications

Contact Info

Dr. Sadhana Ravishankar, Ph.D.

Professor, Food Safety, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences (ACBS 212)

Joint Faculty Member, Department of Nutritional Sciences

Chair, UA Food Safety Consortium

Chair, Applied Biosciences (PSM) Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP)

sadhravi@arizona.edu

520-626-1499

Laboratory Location:

Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences (ACBS) Bldg (previously Veterinary Science & Microbiology building); ACBS 201, 204, 210, 210a; 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ. 85721

Publications

Weaver, S. L., Zhu, L., Ravishankar, S., Clark, M, and Baltrus, D. (2022). Interspecies Killing Activity of Pseudomonas syringae Tailocins. Microbiology, DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001258

Malayil, L., Ramachandran, P., Chattopadhyay, S., Allard, S. M. Bui, A., Butron, J., Callahan M. T., Craddock, H. A., Murray, R., East, C., Sharma, M., Kniel, K., Micallef, S., Hashem, F., Gerba, C. P., Ravishankar, S., Parveen, S., May, E., Handy, E., Kulkarni, P., Anderson-Coughlin, B., Craighead, S., Gartley, S., Vanore, A., Duncan, R., Foust, D., Haymaker, J., Betancourt, W., Zhu, L., Mongodin, E. F., Sapkota, A., Pop, M., and Sapkota, A. R. (2022). Variations in Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Across Diverse Recycled and Surface Water Irrigation Sources in the Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States: A CONSERVE Two-Year Field Study. Environmental Science & Technology. 56 (21), 15019-15033. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02281

Arellano, S., Zhu, L., Dev Kumar, G., Law, B., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S., (2022). Essential Oil Microemulsions Inactivate Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria on Iceberg Lettuce during 28-Day Storage at 4° C. Molecules, 27(19), DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196699

Park, R., Rowlands, D., Wei, Q., Brierley, P., Porchas, M., Crosby, K., Patil, B., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2022). Understanding Cross-Contamination of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica via Environmental Matrices onto Melons Grown in Different Regions of the United States. ACS Symposium Series 1415: Melon Breeding & Genetics: Developments in Food Quality and Safety. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Pages 69-87.

Singh, J., Metrani, R., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Crosby, K. M., Jifon, J., Ravishankar, S., Brierley, P., Leskovar, D., Turini, T., Schultheis, J., Coolong, T., Guan, W. and Patil, B. S. (2022). Profiling carotenoid and sugar contents in unique Cucumis melo L. cultigens harvested from different climatic regions of the United States. Journal of Food Composition & Analysis, 106:104306.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104306

Zhu, L., Wei, Q., Porchas, M., Brierley, P., Friedman, M., Crosby, K., Patil, B. and Ravishankar, S., (2022). Plant-based antimicrobials inactivate Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on melons grown in different regions of the United States. Food Microbiology, 101, p.103876.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103876

Arellano, S., Law, B., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2021). Essential oil microemulsions inactivate antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Newport and spoilage bacterium Lactobacillus casei on Iceberg lettuce during 28-day storage at 4°C. Food Control.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108209

Reyna-Granados, J. R., Joens, L. A., Law, B., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2021). Antimicrobial Effects of Plant Compounds against Virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains Containing Shiga Toxin Genes in Laboratory Media and on Romaine Lettuce and Spinach. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 12: 392-405. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2021.124030

Joshi, K., Sparks, P., Friedman, M., Olsen, C., McHugh, T. and Ravishankar, S. (2021). Effect of Antimicrobial Edible Films on the Sensory and Physical Properties of Organic Spinach in Salad Bags. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 12: 176-193. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2021.122015

Chen, C. H., Marchello, J., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2021). Plant Extracts and Essential Oils at Concentrations Acceptable to a Sensory Panel Inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Ground Pork. Food and Nutrition Sciences.12: 162-175. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2021.122014

Fonseca, J. Ravishankar, S., Sanchez, C., Park, E. and Nolte, K. D. (2020). Assessing the Food Safety Risk Posed by Birds Entering Leafy Greens Fields in the US Southwest. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.17, 8711; doi:10.3390/ijerph17238711

Singh, J., Metrani, R., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Crosby, K. M., Ravishankar, S. and Patil, B, S. (2020). Multivariate Analysis of Amino Acids and Health Beneficial Properties of Cantaloupe Varieties Grown in Six Locations in the United States. Plants. 9, 1058;

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1058

Dev Kumar, G., Patel, J., and Ravishankar, S. (2020). Contamination of Spinach at Germination: A Route to Persistence and Environmental Reintroduction by Salmonella. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 326(2020)108646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.10864655.

Vitha, S. and Ravishankar, S. (2020). Surface texture analysis of melon rind using 3D reconstruction from SEM stereo images. Texas Journal of Microscopy. 51(1):24

Zhu, L., Olsen, C., McHugh, T., Friedman, M., Levin, C., Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2020). Edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 on organic leafy greens in sealed plastic bags. Journal of Food Safety. 2020;e12758. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12758

Wei, Q., Zhan, Y., Chen, B., Xie, B., Fang, T., Ravishankar, S. and Jiang, Y. (2019). Assessment of antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of Agaricus blazei Murill extracts. Food Science & Nutrition. 00:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1310

Panthi, S., Sapkota, A. R., Raspanti, G., Allard, S. A., Bui, A., Craddock, H. A., Murray, R., Zhu, L., East, C., Handy, E., Callahan, M. T., Haymaker, J., Kulkarni, P., Anderson, B., Craig, S., Gartley, S., Vanore, A., Betancourt, W. Q., Duncan, R., Foust, D., Sharma, M., Micallef, S. A., Gerba, C., Parveen, S., Hashem, F., May, E., Kniel K., Pop, M., Ravishankar, S. and Sapkota, A. (2019). Pharmaceuticals, Herbicides and Disinfectants in Agricultural Water Sources. Environmental Research, 174: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.011

Dev Kumar, G., Zhu, L., Siemens, M. C., Nolte, K., Brassill, N., Rios, D., Galvez, R., Fonseca, J.M., and Ravishankar, S. (2019). Modified Coring Tool Designs Reduce Iceberg Lettuce Cross-Contamination. Journal of Food Protection, 82(3): 454-462. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-317

Gilling, D. H., Ravishankar, S. and Bright, K.R (2019). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Plant Essential Oils and Extracts Against Escherichia coli. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A,

DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1574153

Zhu, L., Torres, M., Betancourt, W.Q., Sharma, M., Micallef, S.A., Gerba, C., Sapkota, A.R., Sapkota A., Parveen, S., Hashem, F., May, E., Kniel, K., Pop, M., and Ravishankar, S. (2018). Incidence of fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria in reclaimed and return flow waters in Arizona, USA. Environmental Research, 170: 122-127.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.048 Get rights and content

G. Dev Kumar and Ravishankar, S. (2018). Ozonized water with plant antimicrobials: An effective method to inactivate Salmonella enterica on iceberg lettuce in the produce wash water. Environmental Research, 171: 213-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.023

Cordery, A., Rao, A. P. and Ravishankar, S. (2018). Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils, Plant Extracts and their Applications in Foods- A Review. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 7(2): 76-89. DOI: 10.15640/jns.v7n2a9

Pinoargote, G., Flores, G., Cooper, K., and Ravishankar, S. (2018). Effects on survival and bacterial community composition of the aquaculture water and gastrointestinal tract of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exposed to probiotic treatments after an induced infection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. Aquaculture Research. 2018:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13791.

Pinoargote, G., and Ravishankar, S. (2018). Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics in vitro Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Causative Agent of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Shrimp. Journal of Probiotics & Health, 6(1), 193. DOI:10.4172/2329-8901.1000193

Pinoargote, G., and Ravishankar, S. (2018). Effects of salinity on acid production and growth of three probiotic microbes with potential for application in intensive shrimp aquaculture. Journal of Probiotics & Health, 6(1), 191. DOI:10.4172/2329-8901.1000191

Jaroni, D., Kakani, R., Ravishankar, S. and Jadeja, R. (2017). Efficacy of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx formulations against Escherichia coli O157:H7 during flume washing of organic leafy greens. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods. 9(1): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.3920/QAS2015.0679

Joshi, K., Sparks, P., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2016). Impact of Plant-Based Antimicrobial Washes on Sensory Properties of Organic Leafy Greens. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 7:906-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2016.710090

Litt, P. K., Ravishankar, S. and Jaroni, D. (2016). Use of Fulvic Acid Formulations as Flume-wash Treatments for Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Organic Leafy Greens. Food Protection Trends. 36(4): 284-292.

Rada, X., Todd-Searle, J., Friedman, M., Patel, J., Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2016). Combining essential oils and olive extract for control of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens. SDRP Journal of Food Science and Technology. 1 (2):1-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.25177/JFST.1.2.2

Zhu, L. and Ravishankar, S. (2016). Efficacy of a Citric Acid-based Organic Sanitizer against Salmonella enterica and Background Microflora on Fresh-cut Celery and Leeks. SDRP Journal of Food Science and Technology. 1 (1):1-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.25177/JFST.1.2.1

Denton, J. J., Ravishankar, S., Friedman, M. and Jaroni, D. (2015). Efficacy of plant derived compounds against Escherichia coli O157:H7 during flume washing and storage of organic leafy greens. J. Food Proc. Preserv. 39(6):2728-2737. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12523

Dev Kumar, G., Crosby, K., Leskovar, D., Bang, H., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Patil, B. and Ravishankar, S. (2015). A Surveillance of Cantaloupe Genotypes for the Prevalence of Listeria and Salmonella. Agri. Food Anal. Bacteriol. 5(2):73-84.

Zhu, L., Juneja, V.K., Fonseca, J. and Ravishankar, S. (2015). Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce harvested from fields irrigated by different irrigation systems and stored under different conditions. J. Agrl. Life Sci. 2(1):7-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04942.x

Buddhini, P. K., Jones, J., Ravishankar, S. and Jaroni, D. (2014). Evaluating the Efficacy of Olive, Apple and Grape Seed Extracts in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Contamination on Organic Leafy Greens during the Wash Process. International Journal of Food Science Nutrition and Dietetics. 3 :1-7.

Zhu, L., Chirase, N. and Ravishankar, S. (2014). Use of Fulvic acid or Sodium silicate based sanitizers to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on food contact surfaces. J. Food Safety. 34:132-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12106

Zhu, L., Olsen, C., McHugh, T., Friedman, M., Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2014). Apple, Carrot, and Hibiscus Edible Films Containing the Plant Antimicrobials Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde Inactivate SalmonellaNewport on Organic Leafy Greens in Sealed Plastic Bags. J. Food Sci. 79:M61-M66. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12318

Zhu, L., Olsen, C., McHugh, T., Friedman, M., Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2014). Apple, Carrot, and Hibiscus Edible Films Containing the Plant Antimicrobials Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde Inactivate Salmonella Newport on Organic Leafy Greens in Sealed Plastic Bags. J. Food Sci. 79:M61-M66. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12318

Macarisin, D., Patel, J., Bauchan, G., Giron, J. A. and Ravishankar, S. (2013). Effect of spinach cultivar and bacterial adherence factors on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on spinach leaves. J. Food Prot. 76:1829-1837. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-556

Todd, J. L., Friedman, M., Patel, J., Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2013). The antimicrobial effects of cinnamon leaf oil against multi-drug resistant Salmonella Newport on organic leafy greens. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 166:193-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.021

Chen, C., Ravishankar, S., Marchello, J. and Friedman, M. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of plant compounds against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in ground pork and the influence of heat and storage on the antimicrobial activity. J. Food Prot. 76:1264-1269. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-493

Rounds, L., Havens, C. M. Feinstein, Y., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2013). Concentration-dependant inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and heterocyclic amines in heated ground beef patties by apple and olive extracts, onion powder and clove bud oil. Meat Science. 94:461-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.010

Moore-Niebel, K., Gerber, C., Patel, J., Friedman, M., Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of oregano oil against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella entericaon organic leafy greens at varying exposure times and storage temperatures. Food Microbiology. 34:123-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.12.001

Yossa, N., Patel, J., Millner P., Ravishankar S. and Lo, Y. M. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on lettuce.Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 10:87-96. DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1301

Ravishankar, S., Jaroni, D., Zhu, L., Olsen, C., McHugh, T. and Friedman, M. (2012). Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on Ham and Bologna Using Pectin-Based Apple, Carrot, and Hibiscus Edible Films Containing Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde. Journal of Food Science. 77:M377-M382. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02751.x

Rounds, L., Havens, C. M., Feinstein, Y., Friedman, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2012). Plant Extracts, Spices, and Essential Oils Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Reduce Formation of Potentially Carcinogenic Heterocyclic Amines in Cooked Beef Patties. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60: 3792-3799. DOI: 10.1021/jf204062p

Moore, K., Gerber, C. Patel, J., Friedman, M., and Ravishankar, S. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass oil against Salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 112:485-492. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05222.x

Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S. (2012). Bactericidal effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) against foodborne pathogens in vitro and on romaine lettuce and alfalfa sprouts.Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods. 4:33-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1757-837X.2011.00117.x

Zhu, L., Stewart, D., Reineke, K., Ravishankar, S., Palumbo, S., Cirigliano, M. and Tortorello, M. (2012). Comparison of swab transport media for recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from environmental samples. Journal of Food Protection. 75:580-584. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-386

Zhu, L., Elguindy, J., Rensing, C. and Ravishankar, S. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of different copper alloy surfaces against copper resistant and sensitive Salmonella enterica. Food Microiology. 30:303-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.001

Moore, K., Patel, J., Jaroni, D., Friedman, M., and Ravishankar, S. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of apple, hibiscus, olive, and hydrogen peroxide formulations against Salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens. Journal of Food Protection. 74:1676-168. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-174

Mild, R., Joens, L. A., Friedman, M., Olsen, C. W., McHugh, T.H., Law, B., and Ravishankar, S. (2011). Antimicrobial edible apple films inactivate antibiotic resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains on poultry. Journal of Food Science. 76: M163-M168. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02065.x

Patel, J., Sharma, M. and Ravishankar, S. (2011). Effect of curli expression and hydrophobicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on attachment to fresh produce surfaces. J. Appl. Microbiol. 110: 737-745. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04933.x

Grosulescu, C., Juneja, V. K. and Ravishankar, S. (2011). Effects and interactions of sodium lactate, sodium diacetate and pediocin on the thermal inactivation of starved Listeria monocytogenes on bologna. Food Microbiology. 28: 440-446. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.10.013

Ravishankar, S., Zhu, L. and Jaroni, D. (2010). Assessing the cross contamination and transfer rates of Salmonella enterica from chicken to lettuce under different food-handling scenarios. Food Microbiol. 27: 791-794. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.04.011

Ravishankar. S., Zhu, L., Reyna-Granados, J., Law, B., Joens, L. and Friedman, M. (2010). Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde inactivate antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica in buffer and on celery and oysters. J. Food Prot. 73 (2): 234-240. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.234

Maks, N. Zhu, L., Juneja, V. K. and Ravishankar, S. (2010). Sodium lactate, sodium diacetate and pediocin: Effects and interactions on the thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on bologna. Food Microbiol. 27: 64-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.08.004

Ravishankar, S., Zhu, L., Olsen, C. W., McHugh, T. H. and Friedman, M. (2009). Edible Apple Film Wraps Containing Plant Antimicrobials Inactivate Foodborne Pathogens on Meat and Poultry Products. Journal of Food Science. 74 (8): M440- M445. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01320.x

Friedman, M., Zhu, L., Feinstein, Y. and Ravishankar, S. (2009). Carvacrol facilitates heat-induced inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and inhibits formation of heterocyclic amines in grilled ground beef patties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 57 (5): 1848-1853. DOI: 10.1021/jf8022657

Ravishankar, S., Zhu, L., Law, B., Joens, L. and Friedman, M. (2008). Plant-derived compounds inactivate antibiotic resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains. Journal of Food Protection. 71 (6): 1145-1149. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.6.1145

Ravishankar, S., Zhang, H. and Kempkes, M. (2008). An Update on Emerging Food Processing Technologies in North America- Pulsed Electric Fields. Food Science and Technology International. 14 (5): 429-432.

Fonseca, J. and Ravishankar. S. (2007). Safer Salads. American Scientist. 95: 494-501.

Ravishankar, S. and Maks, N. (2007). (Invited book chapter) Basic Food Microbiology. In Advances in Thermal and Non-Thermal Food Preservation eds. G. Tewari and V. K.Juneja. Blackwell Publishing. Pages 3-31.

Pascall, M., Ravishankar, S., Ghiron, K. and Johannessen, N. (2006). Evaluation of magnetic resonance for detection of bacterial contamination in low-acid, shelf-stable packaged soymilk. Journal of Food Protection. 69: 1668-1674. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.7.1668

Schlesser, J. E., Gerdes, R., Ravishankar, S., Madsen, K., Mowbray, J. and Teo, A. Y.-L. (2006). Survival of a five strain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the 60-day aging period of cheddar cheese made from unpasteurized milk. Journal of Food Protection. 69: 990-998. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.990

Uhart, M., Ravishankar, S. and Maks, N. (2006). Effect of spices on growth and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 inoculated in ground beef stored at 4 and 8^oC. J. Food Safety. 26: 115-125. DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4565.2006.00036.x

Gupta, S. and Ravishankar, S. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of garlic, ginger, turmeric and carrot against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. Foodborne Path. Dis.2(4):330340. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2005.2.330

Ravishankar, S., Pascall. M. Maks, N. and Strassheim, H. (2005). Minimum channel leak and pin hole size for bacterial entry into polymeric trays used for the packaging of shelf stable low-acid foods. J. Food Prot. 68: 2376-2382. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.11.2376

Uhart, M., Ravishankar, S. and Maks, N. D. (2004) Control of Listeria monocytogenes with combined antimicrobials on beef franks stored at 4^oC. J. Food Prot. 67: 2296-2301. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2296

Tipparaju, S., Ravishankar, S. and Slade, P.J. (2004). The survival of Listeria monocytogenes in vanilla flavored soymilk and yogurt stored at 8^oC. J. Food Prot. 67: 378-382. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.378

Fleishman, G., Ravishankar. S., Ghiron, K. and Balasubramaniam, V. M. (2004). The lethality of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on Listeria monocytogenes in a static chamber. Food Microbiol. 21:91-95.

Ravishankar, S., Fleishman, G. and Balasubramaniam, V.M. (2002). The inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during pulsed electric field treatment in a static chamber. Food Microbiol. 19 (4): 351-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0484

Teo, A.Y-L., Ravishankar, S. and Sizer, C. E. (2001). Effect of low-temperature, high pressure treatment at 15^oC on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains and various serotypes of Salmonella in unpasteurized fruit juices. J. Food Prot. 64 (8): 1122-1127. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.8.1122

Ravishankar, S. and Harrison, M. A. (1999). Acid adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes strains does not offer cross-protection against an activated lactoperoxidase system in skim milk. J. Food Prot. 62 (6): 670-673. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.6.670

Ravishankar, S. and R. Annamalai. (1992). Assessment of the existence of area homogeneity in area planning. Tamilnadu Journal of Extension Education. 3(2): 479-482. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.6.670